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Industrial rock is a fusion genre that fuses industrial music and rock music. Originally emerging in the late 1970s to early 1980s, pioneered by artists such as Chrome, Killing Joke, Swans, Big Black and Skinny Puppy, the movement was further proliferated in the late 1980s by Wax Trax! Records in Chicago, with artists like Front 242, Front Line Assembly, KMFDM, and Sister Machine Gun.
Subsequently, the movement would lead to the emergence of genre fusions and subgenres like electro-industrial, industrial metal, martial industrial, industrial hip-hop, industrial dance and industrial techno. By the 1990s, broader industrial music genres were made accessible to mainstream audiences through the popularity of acts such as Nine Inch Nails, Ministry, Rammstein, Marilyn Manson, all of whom released platinum-selling records.
By the late 1970s, post-punk and post-hardcore bands, began incorporating elements of industrial music into rock music. Killing Joke described by music journalist Simon Reynolds as "a post-punk version of heavy metal"Reynolds, 2005, p. 435. emerged as an influential band in the development of industrial rock music, their album Night Time (1985) saw mainstream success and influenced Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails.Chantler, 2002, p. 54. Subsequently, New York City band Swans emerged and drew influence from the local no wave scene, most notably Glenn Branca Theoretical Girls "You Got Me", as well as punk rock, noise music (particularly Whitehouse) and the original industrial groups.Licht, 2003, p. 32. Chris Connelly said the musical project Foetus was "the instigator when it comes to the marriage of machinery to hardcore punk."Connelly, 2007, p. 12.'s Union Station in 1986; left to right: Riley, Albini, and Durango]]During the early 1980s, Steve Albini band Big Black, post-hardcore and noise rock with industrial music.Sharp, 1999, p. 48.Blush, 2001, p. 222. The Swiss trio The Young Gods, who deliberately eschewed electric guitars in favor of a sampler,Mörat, 1992, p. 12. also took inspiration from both hardcore and industrial.Stud & Stud, 1987, p. 27. In 1986, Canadian band Skinny Puppy released the album , with its lead single, "Dig It", seeing frequent airplay on MTV. The song was a major influence on Nine Inch Nails founder Trent Reznor, who used it as inspiration when writing his first song, "Down in It".
By the late 1980s, Chicago's Wax Trax! Records became a central hub for the genre, further popularizing it across the United States. The label was started by Jim Nash and Dannie Flesher. The label went on to distribute some of the most prominent names in industrial throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, with artists like Front 242, Front Line Assembly, KMFDM, and Sister Machine Gun. In 1988, Ministry, released their album The Land of Rape and Honey, which drew from hardcore punk and thrash metal, while retaining electronic elements and samples. Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen was also involved in multiple industrial rock side projects that were signed to Wax Trax!, including Revolting Cocks, 1000 Homo DJs and Pailhead. Drawing heavy influences from New York's no wave scene, Cop Shoot Cop replaced lead guitars with bass.
Marilyn Manson released their album Antichrist Superstar in 1996, which was certified platinum by the RIAA two months after its release date. In the United States, Antichrist Superstar sold at least 1,900,000 units. Marilyn Manson's EP Smells Like Children was certified platinum in May 1998. The band's third album Mechanical Animals went to number 1, dethroning Lauryn Hill's solo debut The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill and selling 223,000 copies in its first week in stores. It was certified platinum by the RIAA in February 1999 and sold at least 1,409,000 copies in the United States. Orgy also experienced mainstream success during the 1990s. The band's 1998 album Candyass was certified platinum by the RIAA in July 1999. Orgy's cover of New Order's song "Blue Monday" went to number 56 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 2 on the Dance Club Songs chart. White Zombie experimented with industrial metal on its 1995 album , which was certified 2× platinum by the RIAA in March 1996. White Zombie's vocalist Rob Zombie began creating pure industrial metal albums in his solo career. Rob Zombie's 1998 solo debut studio album Hellbilly Deluxe was certified 3× platinum by the RIAA less than two years after its release date. In November 1999, Powerman 5000's album Tonight the Stars Revolt! was certified platinum by the RIAA. The album sold at least 1,316,172 units in the United States. A large Industrial metal scene also emerged in Europe in the 20th century. The Industrial Metal band that manages to appeal to the largest audiences worldwide is Rammstein. Other names have also proven successful in the European scene, including Pain, Deathstars, Dagoba, Eisbrecher, Gothminister and Godflesh.
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